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Because there are no formal diplomatic relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America, instead of exchanging ambassadors, Iran maintains an interests section at the Pakistani Embassy in Washington, D.C.,〔http://www.daftar.org/far/default.asp〕 while the United States has maintained a corresponding interests section at the Swiss Embassy in Tehran (since 1980).〔(Embassy of Switzerland in Iran - Foreign Interests Section ), Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (page visited on 4 April 2015).〕 Since December 2011, the United States has also maintained a virtual embassy on-line.〔http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/12/178343.htm〕〔http://iran.usembassy.gov/index.html〕 Relations between the two nations began in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. Initially, while Iran was very wary of British and Russian colonial interests during the Great Game, the United States was seen as a more trustworthy Western power, and the Americans Arthur Millspaugh and Morgan Shuster were even appointed treasurers-general by the Shahs of the time. During World War II, Iran was invaded by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, both US allies, but relations continued to be positive after the war until the later years of the government of Mohammad Mossadeq, who was overthrown by a coup organized by the Central Intelligence Agency and aided by the MI6. This was followed by an era of very close alliance between Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's regime and the U.S. government, which was in turn followed by a dramatic reversal and disagreement between the two countries after the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Opinions differ over what has caused the cooling in relations. Iranian explanations include everything from the natural and unavoidable conflict between the Islamic Revolution on the one hand, and perceived American arrogance〔(Q&A With the Head of Iran's New America's Desk ) online.wsj.com APRIL 1, 2009〕 and desire for global hegemony on the other.〔(Reading Khamenei: The World View of Iran's Most Powerful Leader, by Karim Sadjadpour March 2008 ) p.20 It is natural that our Islamic system should be viewed as an enemy and an intolerable rival by such an oppressive power as the United States, which is trying to establish a global dictatorship and further its own interests by dominating other nations and trampling on their rights. It is also clear that the conflict and confrontation between the two is something natural and unavoidable. (by Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, to students at Shahid Beheshti University, May 12, 2003 ) 〕 Other explanations include the Iranian government's need for an external bogeyman to furnish a pretext for domestic repression against pro-democratic forces and to bind the government to its loyal constituency.〔''The New Republic'', Charm Offensive by Laura Secor April 1, 2009 To give up this trump card—the non-relationship with the United States, the easy evocation of an external bogeyman—would be costly for the Iranian leadership. It would be a Gorbachevian signal that the revolution is entering a dramatically new phase—one Iran's leaders cannot be certain of surviving in power. 〕 Since 1995, the United States has had an embargo on trade with Iran.〔(Iran Chamber Society – Islamic Revolution of 1979 )〕 According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, 5% of Americans view Iranian influence positively, with 87% expressing a negative view, the most unfavorable perception of Iran in the world.〔(2013 World Service Poll ) ''BBC''〕 On the other side, research have shown that most of Iranians have positive attitudes towards American people, though not the government.〔Shahghasemi, E., Heisey, D. R., & Mirani, G. (October 01, 2011). How do Iranians and U.S. Citizens perceive each other: A systematic review. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 27.〕〔Shahghasemi, E., & Heisey, D. R. (January 01, 2009). The Cross-Cultural Schemata of Iranian-American People Toward Each Other: A Qualitative Approach. Intercultural Communication Studies, 18, 1, 143-160.〕 ==Country comparison== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iran–United States relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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